| On Planning for Development: Africa |
by the Economic
Commission for Africa
Economic Report on Africa
2011
Governing development in Africa - the role
of the state in economic transformation
Africa’s states have three major development tasks for
achieving economic transformation: planning the process,
formulating appropriate policies and implementing the
plans and policies.
The development process has to be planned for several
reasons. The changes required are substantial and therefore
the decisions cannot be optimally made by free market
forces—most developing economies are characterized
by pervasive market failures. The interdependence of all
elements of the process needs to be reconciled through
comprehensive development frameworks rather than narrow,
partial models.
Download
ERA 2011 Full Version
Economic Report on Africa. The complete series
Copyright © Economic
Commission for Africa
|
From UNCTAD
Economic Development in Africa 2011
Fostering industrial development in Africa in the
new global environment
There is mounting evidence indicating that industrial development presents
great opportunities for sustained growth, employment and poverty reduction.
Consequently, over the past decade, African governments have renewed their
political commitment to industrialization and have adopted several initiatives
at the national and regional levels to enhance prospects of achieving their
development objectives.
The Economic Development in Africa Report (EDAR) 2011 examines the
status of industrial development in Africa with a focus on the identification of
"stylized facts" associated with African manufacturing. It also provides an
analysis of past attempts at promoting industrial development in the region and
the lessons learned from these experiences. Furthermore, it offers policy
recommendations on how to foster industrial development in Africa in the new
global environment characterized by changing international trade rules, growing
influence of industrial powers from the South, the internationalization of
production, and increasing concerns about climate change.
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From UNCTAD
Economic Development in Africa
2007
Reclaiming Policy Space
Domestic Resource Mobilization and
Developmental States
"Developmental states" are the key to boosting domestic
savings and productive investments in Africa, contends Economic Development in
Africa 2007
Economic
Development in Africa: the complete series
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From the African Development Bank
Gender,
Poverty and Environmental Indicators on African Countries - (Full
Reports)
Gender, Poverty and Environmental Indicators on
African Countries is published by the Statistics Department of the African
Development Bank Group. The publication provides some information on the broad
development trends relating to gender, poverty and environmental issues in the
53 African countries. Gender, Poverty and Environmental Indicators on African
Countries 2009 was prepared by the Economic and Social Statistics Division of
the Statistics Department.
|
From UNCTAD
Enhancing the participation of small-
and medium-sized enterprises in global value chains
Note by the UNCTAD secretariat - August 2007
This note reviews the policy implications of enhancing the participation of small- and
medium- sized enterprises (SMEs) in global value chains (GVCs). While policy measures
may vary at the national level and by industry, the case studies conducted by UNCTAD
confirmed the need to develop the supply capacity of SMEs and to upgrade their activities in
order to maximize benefits from integrating into international production systems. They also
highlighted the need for Governments of developing countries to review the existing SME
and export promotion strategies to ensure that they are adjusted to the new realities and
requirements of global markets.
This note argues that an enabling business environment is a
necessary precondition for SMEs to compete successfully on a global scale. Governments,
business communities and international donors can play a role in assisting developing
countries increase their productive capacities through the adoption of targeted GVC
assistance programmes, preferably within public–private sector partnership
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Africa Research Institute
"Africa Research Institute aims to reflect, understand and build on the dynamism in Africa today.
We are a London-based think tank which looks for practical examples of achievement -
by listening to the people who have created that success, often in adversity, and by
communicating that experience to organisations, companies and policymakers. We are not
guided by ideology and are strictly non-partisan."
|
From UNCTAD
World Investment Directory, Volume X, Africa 2008
[Available in electronic version only]
The purpose of the World Investment Directory and its database is to assemble
comprehensive data and information in individual countries on:
FDI - Operations of TNCs -
Basic financial data on the largest TNCs -
The legal framework in which such investment takes place -
Selected bibliographic information about FDI and TNCs
The present publication covers 53 economies of the African region. Profiles
on all these countries are contained in this volume, based on data available to
the Secretariat. These are based on information available as of December 2007.
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White Paper by the Government of People's Republic of China - 2010
China-Africa
Economic and Trade Cooperation
"China is the largest
developing country in the world, and Africa is home to the largest number of
developing countries. The combined population of China and Africa accounts for
over one-third of the world's total. Promoting economic development and social
progress is the common task China and Africa are facing.
During their years of development, China and
Africa give full play to the complementary advantages in each other's resources
and economic structures, abiding by the principles of equality, effectiveness,
mutual benefit and reciprocity, and mutual development, and keep enhancing
economic and trade cooperation to achieve mutual benefit and progress. Practice
proves that China-Africa economic and trade cooperation serves the common
interests of the two sides, helps Africa to reach the UN Millennium Development
Goals, and boosts common prosperity and progress for China and
Africa."
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From The World Bank - 2008
Building Bridges
China’s Growing Role as Infrastructure
Financier for Africa
Vivien Foster, William Butterfield, Chuan Chen and Nataliya Pushak
In recent years, a number of emerging
economies have begun to play a growing role
in the finance of infrastructure in Sub-Saharan
Africa. Their combined resource flows are
now comparable in scale to traditional official
development assistance (ODA) from OECD
countries or to capital from private investors.
These non-OECD financiers include China,
India, and the Gulf states, with China being by
far the largest player.
This new trend reflects a much more positive
economic and political environment in Sub-
Saharan Africa. Real GDP growth in the
region has been sustained at 4 to 6 percent
now for a number of years, and has benefited
from an improved investment climate. The
rise of the Chinese and Indian economies has
fueled global demand for petroleum and other
commodities. Africa is richly endowed with
these and faces a historic opportunity to
harness its natural resources and invest the
proceeds to broaden its economic base for
supporting economic growth and poverty
reduction. In this context, south-south
cooperation provides a channel through which
the benefits of economic development in Asia
and the Middle East can be transferred to the
African continent, through a parallel
deepening of trade and investment relations.
Executive Summary
|
From
the United Nations Department of Public Information
Africa Renewal (formerly Africa Recovery) Magazine
The Africa Renewal information programme, produced by the Africa
Section of the United Nations Department of Public Information, provides
up-to-date information and analysis of the major economic and development
challenges facing Africa today. Among the major items it produces is the
renowned magazine, Africa Renewal (formerly Africa Recovery),
which first appeared in 1987. It also produces a range of public information
materials, including backgrounders, press releases and feature articles. It
works with the media in Africa and beyond to promote the work of the United
Nations, Africa and the international community to bring peace and development
to Africa.
The Africa Renewal programme examines the many issues that confront
the people of Africa, its leaders and its international partners: economic
reform, debt, education, health, women's advancement, conflict and civil strife,
democratization, aid, investment, trade, regional integration, rural development
and many other topics. It tracks policy debates. It provides expert analysis and
on-the-spot reporting to show how those policies affect people on the ground.
And, it highlights the views of policy-makers, non-governmental leaders and
others actively involved in efforts to transform Africa and improve its
prospects in the world today.
Africa Renewal reports on and examines the many different aspects of
the UN's involvement in Africa, especially within the framework of the New
Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). It works closely with the many UN
agencies and offices dealing with African issues, including the >UN Economic Commission for Africa and the Office of the Special Adviser on Africa.
|
Destroying African Agriculture
By Walden Bello - 7 June 2008
Biofuel
production is certainly one of the culprits in the current global food crisis.
But while the diversion of corn from food to biofuel feedstock has been a factor
in food prices shooting up, the more primordial problem has been the conversion
of economies that are largely food-self-sufficient into chronic food importers.
Here the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Trade
Organization (WTO) figure as much more important villains
|
From The World Bank
Group
African
Development Indicators 2005
Conference Edition - 435 pages
Released on 29th June 2005
African Development Indicators 2001
|
UNIDO
The
Industrial Development Report 2004. Industrialization, Environment and the Millenium
Development Goals in Sub-Sahara Africa
|
GHANA
The struggle over water. The plan to privatise the urban water supply system by March
2003 has become a defining battlefield. For the poor, the commercialisation of water,
combined with lack of investment in the sector and regressive socio-economic distribution,
is a key factor in their povertystriken situation. At the heart of the issue are questions
of need versus profit, and whether water is a right or a commodity. GYEKYE TANOH- KATHY
CUSACK. |
KENYA
The stark realities of an ideological
orthodoxy. Kenya has embarked on privatisation without
any discernible ideological reservations. Far from achieving the goal of good governance,
privatisation so far has widened the gender gap, made water more expensive than oil and
turned patients away from hospitals untreated. In fact, privatisation has spread economic
risks throughout society while channelling economic gains to the few. KENYAN SOCIAL WATCH
COALITION |
MOROCCO
On the way to deepening social
inequalities. The privatisation policy is only one
aspect of the Structural Adjustment Plan. Initially considered as a means to submit public
companies to more rigorous management rules, today it is no more than an instrument to
achieve the objective of budgetary balance and to have exceptional income to reduce the
foreign debt and recover the confidence of capitalist partners. Health and education are
undergoing an underhand process of liberalisation that will worsen social inequality
rather than help provide access to services or ensure their efficiency. LUCILE DAUMAS
ABDELLAZIZ MESSAOUDI ABDELLATIF ASSINI ABDELKHALEK BENZEKRI MOHAMED HAKECH SAAD BELGHAZI
(RESEARCHER) |
SENEGAL
Less State, fewer benefits. While applying structural adjustment programmes in the mid-1990s
the government designed and implemented a sweeping plan for the privatisation of public
companies. Since 1989, 27 public companies have effectively passed into private hands. The
result has been the deterioration of the education system and the public health service,
the degradation of food production and security, increased unemployment and the growth of
exclusion and inequalities. ABDOUL SOULEYE SOW |
SOUTH AFRICA
The widening gap between rich and poor. The democratic gains of South Africa’s 1994 transition
rapidly came under pressure as the new leaders adopted neo-liberal policies in the face of
demands of the poor majority for rapid socio-economic transformation. At the time,«12
million South Africans did not have access to clean drinking water, 21 million did not
have access to adequate sanitation … and more than 20 million had no access to
electricity,» while 87% of the land was in the hands of about 60,000 white farmers.
ANDILE MNGXITAMA ANN EVELETH |
SUDAN
The damage of declining public
investment on services. Liberalisation and
privatisation policies, and the new terms of international trade, have had negative impact
on the national economy and the socio-economic status of the population. The decline in
public investment in services has reflected negatively on human development, as indicated
by the decline in calorie intake and the increase of the population under the poverty
line. It was also reflected in the almost total failure to realise any of the
government’s targets in the fields of health, education, drinking water or
sanitation. DR. HASSAN ABDEL ATI DR. GALAL EL DIN EL TAYEB |
TANZANIA
Benefit of an elite at the expense of
the poor majority. While some businessmen and investors
cite GDP growth and higher efficiency as positive results of liberalisation, civil society
finds that economic reform measures have reduced government services in communities,
increased individual costs for social services, and caused job losses. The results have
been regressive, as a small minority have benefited while the majority have become further
impoverished and disenfranchised. |
TUNISIA
Democratic deficits in the midst of
liberalisation. In 1987, following a crisis in the
balance of payments, Tunisia entered a structural adjustment programme, aimed at
liberalising the economy and cutting the State’s role in competitive economic
sectors. From 1997 onwards, the government accelerated the process and started selling
companies that were not losing money. Civil society has been unable to exert pressure on
the government to prevent decisions being made contrary to the interests of the majority.
SALAHEDDIN EL JORSHI |
UGANDA
Privatisation versus the poor. Although in some areas such as telecommunications and electricity,
the liberalisation has improved quality, in others, the improvement is hardly cosmetic.
While most of the poor and rural population do not have access to basic services, for
women in particular privatisation has increased their work load. So that those excluded
receive better basic services it is necessary to develop policy and regulatory mechanisms
that reinvest the resources generated by privatisation in the social infrastructure. DAVID
OBOT |
ZAMBIA
Poverty in the midst of the market:
the Zambian scenario. At present, 73% of the population
live in poverty. Of these, close to 59% are extremely poor, with the majority being women
and children. In addition to income deficiency, the poor lack access to adequate food,
health and educational facilities, safe water, clothing and shelter. The PRSP is a weak
response to poverty’s alarming proportions, while agriculture liberalisation has not
benefited domestic farmers, due to high tariff walls and heavy subsidies in Western
markets. MICHELO HANSUNGULE |
DEVELOPMENT
From UNCTAD
Economic
Development in Africa: Performance, Prospects and Policy Issues, 2001
Africa as a whole experienced moderate growth from the mid-
1960s until the end of the 1970s. While the average growth rate
was well below the rate achieved by a handful of East Asian economies,
it equalled or exceeded the growth rates attained by many
developing countries in other regions. In particular there was a
notable acceleration of growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)1 during
the 1970s (table 1), supported by a boom in commodity prices
and foreign aid. Investment in many countries in the region exceeded
25 per cent of GDP, and the savings gap remained relatively
moderate.
Economic performance deteriorated rapidly in SSA in the late
1970s and early 1980s, whereas the slowdown of growth was relatively
moderate in North Africa. Unlike many countries in other
developing regions which managed to restore growth after the lost
decade of the 1980s, stagnation and decline continued in SSA during
the first half of the 1990s due to a combination of adverse
external developments, structural and institutional bottlenecks and...
|
Samir Amin, (1990)
Maldevelopment
- Anatomy of a global failure
...In this book it is proposed to analyse this failure of development from a
political stand-point, for discussion of the options in the framework of
macroeconomic schema provides no more than commonplace and foreseeable findings.
We must aim higher and integrate in the discussion all the economic, political,
social and cultural facets of the problem and at the same time fit them into a
local framework ( Africa) that takes account of interaction on a world scale.
We acknowledge that this aim comes up against major theoretical difficulties.
Social reality as a whole has three facets: economic, political and cultural.
The economic aspect is perhaps the best known. In this field, conventional
economics has forged tools of immediate analysis and with greater or lesser
success of management of an advanced capitalist society. Historical materialism
has sought to plunge deeper and has often succeeded in illuminating the
character and extent of social struggles underlying the economic choices.
The field of power and politics is relatively less known; and eclecticism in
the theories advanced shows the inadequate scientific mastery of the reality.
Functional political thought, like its former or recent ingredients
(geopolitics, systems analysis, etc.) may sometimes be of immediate use in
shaping strategies but remains conceptually impoverished and does not warrant
the status of a critical theory. It is true that historical materialism provides
a hypothesis as to the organic relationship between the material base and the
political superstructure, and the hypothesis is fruitful if it is not too
crudely interpreted. The Marxist schools, however, have not conceptualized the
issue of power and politics (modes of domination) as they have the
categories(modes of production). The propositions in this direction, by Freudian
Marxists for example, have the undoubted merit of drawing attention to neglected
aspects of the issue but have not yet produced an overall conceptual system. The
field of politics lies virtually fallow.
It is not by chance that the first chapter of Volume One of Capital
includes the section entitled 'The Fetishism of Commodities and the Secret
thereof. Marx intends to unveil the mysteries of capitalist society, and the
reason why it appears to us as directly governed by economics, in the forefront
of the social scene and the determinant of the other social dimensions that seem
then to accommodate to its demands. Economic alienation thus defines the essence
of the ideology of capitalism. Conversely, pre-capitalist class societies are
governed by politics, which takes the forefront of the stage and provide the
constraints that other aspects of the social reality - including economic
life-seem bound to obey. If a theory of these societies were to be written, the
work would be entitled 'Power' (instead of capital for the capitalist mode) and
the opening chapter would deal with 'the fetishism of power' (instead of the
fetishism of commodities).
|
H. A. Amara/B. Founou-Tchuigona (eds.) - 1990
African
Agriculture: the critical choices
In countries with high population to land ratios, industry has
a fundamental role to play in the creation of the conditions necessary for
progress in agriculture. Industry helps promote growth at several levels. On the
one hand, it provides the material, mechanical and chemical means to modernize
the techniques used in stock-rearing and crop-growing. But through the
employment it creates' it also determines, directly or indirectly, the number of
agriculturally active workers, the productivity of the peasants' labour, their
income level and, ultimately, the overall agricultural demand for consumer and
capital goods. Industry is the basis for the growth of an internal market, an
indispensable element in the dynamic of development in which agricultural demand
is a fundamental factor. In Algeria, the farmers have very substantially
improved their marginal income, more by employing the manpower resources of
rural households and raising the price of agricultural products than by
increasing the productivity of labour. The state, striving to intensify
agriculture, has laid great stress on farming equipment, tractors' harvesters,
crop treatment and irrigation techniques. This progress in equipment was
supposed to promote the adoption and diffusion of new, more intensive production
methods and to improve crop yields.
This increase in the capital provided by industry, however, was
not by itself a sufficient factor in agricultural progress. Research in agronomy
and the training and education system were not adequate to ensure renewal of
production methods and improvement in the technical expertise of the
peasants.
Despite amelioration of the level of farm equipment,
stock-rearing and crop-growing methods have barely evolved and yields have
increased only slightly. The relative costs of mechanization and other
agricultural investment, in view of the productivity of the land, limit the use
of more intensive techniques, methods of cultivation, fertilizers, weed killers,
selected seeds, and so on.
In this context, extensive systems have shown themselves to be
more profitable for those enterprises that gear their production to this market
than systems that make more use of modern production methods, at least in low to
medium rainfall areas. The relative stagnation of yields results in a tendency
towards more land and resources being used for stock-rearing. This process is
underpinned by a price system favourable to animal products and the high
revenues expressing the associated demand. As a result, the price policy in
force over the last decade to stimulate base production, wheat, milk, and
vegetables, has proved powerless to reverse the tendencies observed in the
structure of production.
|
M. Lamine Gakou - 1987
The
crisis in African agriculture.- Studies in African political economy: The United Nations
University
Our aim in undertaking this work is to demonstrate, or provide further
confirmation that the crisis affecting Africa particularly - even though it is
more widespread - has its profound roots in the integration of African economies
into the world capitalist system. The agricultural sectors and the rural areas
are most often the ones most affected because of this integration. The case of
agriculture, which, in most countries, is in crisis because it is essentially
oriented towards the world market and not towards the feeding of the local
people, shows that it is idle for the underdeveloped countries, and particularly
for Africa, to seek solutions to their problems in the framework of a system
whose modus operandi and rules of the game operate in such a way that it
is always the poorest and economically weakest that suffer the most serious
consequences of the crisis. If the developed capitalist countries can make the
underdeveloped countries bear at least a part of the burden of their own crisis,
in these countries and in Africa in particular, the so-called 'non-modern',
'traditional' sectors, agriculture above all, bear more of the burden. Other
explanations can be found for the crisis, but we feel that these explanations
can be no more than secondary, the fundamental cause being the integration of
Africa into a system over which it has absolutely no control.
Even in the Sahelian region there are reports of granaries of cereals always
full during the precolonial period despite the low level of development of
productive forces. But was it not this low level of development of productive
forces that ultimately made Africa the victim of the capitalist mode of
production? A brief look at the work of distinguished researchers who have
studied precolonial African societies suggests that these societies were not
adequately prepared to defeat the aggressions of capitalism despite great
capacities for resistance often linked to very advanced levels of political and
social organization. The long era of domination that followed saw Africa drained
of its human and material substance which was sucked out by the invaders.
|
Róbinson Rojas - 1997
Africa:
transformation without change
Since the end of the Second World War, the former colonies in Africa
have been under direct economic control and indirect political control
by the Western European countries which were the former colonizers.
France and Britain, that is, with some encroachment by United States and
Japan.
This neo-colonial control has its reflection in the total lack of
industrialization in the region.
Since 1958, when the Treaty of Rome was signed by the Western European
countries, their relations with African countries were very well
defined. History played a critical role in molding those relations.
The EC vision was defined as "a natural partnership" with Africa, with
specific aims:
1) build up a secure supply of raw materials, and
2) build up a secure market for European manufactured
goods, and
3) with the help of the U.S. "protect" the African
nations against the danger of becoming influenced
by the former USSR or People's Republic of China.
The former EC utilized two instruments for doing that: trade preferences
and direct aid,...
|
A.Okolo,
Dependency
in Africa: stages of African political economy |
| THE STATE, CIVIL
SOCIETY AND NGOs G. M. Carew,
Development
theory and the promise of democracy in Africa
Y. Bangura, Authoritarian
Rule and Democracy in Africa: A Theoretical Discourse, Discussion Paper No. 18, March
1991, UNRISD.
R. Rojas, Notes
on the centrality of the African state, 1998
Global Coalition for Africa, Corruption
et Développement en Afrique---English
Global Coalition for Africa, La
consolidation de la Démocratie---English
Global Coalition for Africa, Institutionalisation
de la Démocratie en Afrique---English
R. Lemarchand, Patterns
of state collapse and reconstruction in Central Africa, in African Studies Quarterly
J. M. Mbaku, Governance,
wealth creation and development in Africa: the challenges and the prospects, in
African Studies Quarterly
C. Kinuthia-Njenga, Civil
society: new roles for African traditions, NGOs, women and youth in Africa
J.T. Gire, A
Psychological Analysis of Corruption in Nigeria, in Journal of Sustainable Development
in Africa
C.K. Daddieh: Beyond
Governance and Democratization in Africa: Toward State Building for Sustainable Human
Development, in Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa
Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, Beyond
Economic Liberalization in Africa: Structural Adjustment and the Alternatives
M-R Galloy and M-E Gruénais, Growing
pains in African democratisation. Electing dictators, in Le Monde Diplomatique 1997
Migration
of peoples, disintegration of states , in Le Monde Diplomatique 1999
National Summit in Africa, Democracy
and Human Rights
USAID, Governance
and the Economy in Africa: Tools for Analysis and Reform of Corruption
Equity and Growth Through Economic Research, Foreign
Aid and Statehood in Africa
Stanford University, Workshop
on Democracy in Africa in Comparative Perspective
|
GLOBALISATION
J.S. Saul/C. Leys,
Sub-Saharan Africa in Global Capitalism, 1999
World Bank, Can Africa Claim the
21st Century?, 2000
O. Coeur de Roy, The African
challenge: internet, networking and connectivity activities in a developing environment
F. Mayor, Africa and
globalization: the challenges of democracy and governance. 1998
Marcos Arruda, Neo-liberal Financial Globalization: capitalism's grave illness.
Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, The Market tells them so: the World Bank and Economic Fundamentalism in
Africa
United Nations University, Globalization and Development in Africa: online papers
Finance and Development: Globalization in Africa, Dec. 2001
The United Nations University (2004):
Globalization and Development in Africa
|
| THE
DEBT CRISIS AND STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT World Bank, Adjustment and Growth. Lessons from and for Sub-Saharan Africa
F. Stewart, J. Klugman and A. H. Helmsing, Decentralization
in Zimbabwe
GAP, Civil Society perspectives on IMF and World Bank Structural
Adjustment policies
GAP, Conditioning
Debt relief and Adjustment creates conditions for more debt
R. Hammond (GAP), The
impact of IMF structural adjustment policies on Tanzanian agriculture
World Council of Churches, Statement
on Debt Crisis - G8 proposals are insufficient.
Journal of Sustainable Development, Our
continent, our future: African perspectives on structural adjustment
The Development Group for Alternative Policies
(GAP), The
all too visible hand: a five-country look at the long and destructive reach of the IMF
Internet
Journal of African studies, Issue 3: Neo-liberalism and Environment
THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE IMF:
The IMF files, Structural
Adjustment Program country by country
R. Sharer, Trade:
An Engine of Growth for Africa
C. Burnside and D. Dollar, Aid
Spurs Growth in a Sound Policy Environment
S. Schadler, How
Successful Are IMF-Supported Adjustment Programs?
E. C. Offerdal, The
Response of Investment and Growth to Adjustment Policies
G. A. Mackenzie and D. W. H. Orsmond, The
Quality of Fiscal Adjustment and Growth
A. Bhattacharya, P. J. Montiel, and S. Sharma, How
Can Sub-Saharan Africa Attract More Private Capital Inflows?
H. Pill and M. Pradhan, Financial
Liberalization in Africa and Asia
I. Lienert, Civil
Service Reform in Africa: Mixed Results After 10 Years
O. Kanaan, Tanzania's
Experience with Trade Liberalization
E. A. Calamitsis, Adjustment
and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Unfinished Agenda
A. Jbili, K. Enders, and V. Treichel, Financial
Sector Reforms in Morocco and Tunisia
P. Cashin and C. Pattillo, The
Duration of Terms of Trade Shocks in Sub-Saharan Africa
A. J. Yeats, A. Amjadi, U. Reincke, and F. Ng, What
Caused Sub-Saharan Africa's Marginalization in World Trade?
J-P Chauffour, S. Eken, M. A. El-Erian, and S.
Fennell, Growth
and Financial Stability in the Middle East and North Africa
A. D. Ouattara, An
Agenda for the 21st Century
E. Hernández-Catá, Sub-Saharan
Africa: Economic Policy and Outlook for Growth
L. Squire, Confronting
AIDS
M. Ainsworth, Setting
Government Priorities in Preventing HIV/AIDS
M. Over, Coping
with the Impact of AIDS
E. Harris, Impact
of the Asian Crisis on Sub-Saharan Africa
|
The
challenges of globalisation for Africa
Address by Alassane D. Ouattara
Deputy Managing Director of
the International Monetary Fund
at the Southern Africa Economic Summit
sponsored by the World Economic Forum - Harare, May 21, 1997
Globalization has become a major topic of discussion and
concern in economic circles since the mid-1990s. It is clear that the trend
toward more integrated world markets has opened a wide potential for greater
growth, and presents an unparalleled opportunity for developing countries to
raise their living standards. At the same time, however, the Mexican crisis has
focussed attention on the downside risks of this trend, and concerns have arisen
about the risks of marginalization of countries. All of this has given rise to a
sense of misgiving, particularly among developing countries.
So what is
"globalization"? What are its implications for the conduct of economic policy,
particularly in Africa? What are its potential benefits and risks? What will
developing countries have to do to benefit from it, to avoid its downside risks?
Is there any good reason to fear globalization? To answer these and other
questions, it would be useful first to explain what globalization is, and what
it is not, what has caused it, and what effects it has had.
|
| TRADE,
TNCs AND FDI IN AFRICA From UNCTAD
Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: Performance and Potential, 1999
Foreign direct investment
(FDI) is welcomed and, indeed, actively sought by virtually all African countries. The
contribution that FDI can make to their economic development and integration into the
world economy is widely recognized. For this reason, African countries have made
considerable efforts over the past decade to improve their investment climate. They have
liberalized their investment regulations and have offered incentives to foreign investors.
More importantly, the economic performance of the region had substantially improved from
the mid-1990s.
However, the expected surge of FDI into Africa as a whole
has not occurred. Too often, potential investors discount the African continent as a
location for investment because a negative image of the region as a whole conceals the
complex diversity of economic performance and the existence of investment opportunities in
individual countries.
Martin Robra, Watch
out! WTO facts and info
Susan George, From
the MAI to the Millennium Round
Eva Ombaka, Trade-Related
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Pharmaceuticals.
Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, TRIPS
and its potential impacts on Indigenous Peoples.
Equity and Growth Through Economic Research, Foreign
direct investment and its determinants in emerging economies, 1998
Equity and Growth Through Economic Research, Sustaining
trade and exchange rate reform in Africa: lessons for macroeconomic management, 2000
|
| AFRICA AND THE
G7 COUNTRIES R. Rojas, Notes
on the European Union and Africa
Europe's Forum on International Cooperation, African
Development Forum
The
United States Army College
EUFORIC, European
Union cooperation with Africa, Asia and Latin America
EUFORIC, France
cooperation with Africa, Asia and Latin America
AAGM, United
States and Africa
E. J.Sirleaf, Rethinking
aid to Africa
T. Parfitt: Europe's
Mediterranean designs: an analysis of the Euromed relationship with special reference to
Egypt
C. Landsberg/F. Kornegay, The
Western powers, South Africa and Africa: burden sharing, burden shift, and spheres of
influence
|
| CONFLICTS UN Security Council, Illegal
exploitation of natural resources and other forms of wealth of the Democratic Republic of
The Congo
U.N., Conflict
and Sustainable Development in Africa, 1998
Oneworld, Contemporary
Conflicts in Africa
K. Kyle, The
United Nations in Congo, Initiative on Conflict Resolution and Ethnicity (INCORE)
J. Bayo Adekanye, From
violence to politics: key issues internationally, INCORE 2001
M. Burton, Looking
back, moving forward, revisiting conflicts, striving towards peace: the South African
Truth and Reconciliation Commission, INCORE
S. Jackson, The
Challenges and Contradictions of Development and Conflict, INCORE 2001
INCORE, From
Protagonist to Pragmatist: Political Leadership in Divided Societies, 2000
B. Hamber, Repairing
the Irreparable: Dealing with double-binds of making reparations for crimes of the past,
INCORE 1998
|
| MILITARY
AAGM, U.S.
Arms and Training Programs in Africa. The Clinton Legacy
|
| GENDER
AAGM, Women
and gender in Africa
K. Haq, Global
commitment for women's advancement and African reality
J. Stolz and P. Le Faure, The
secret scourge of African women , in Le Monde Diplomatique 1997
Les
femmes d'Afrique francophone
Y. Fall, Gender
and Social Dimensions of IMF policies in Senegal, The Development Group for
Alternative Policies (GAP)
|
CHILDREN
United
Nations Children's Fund
Convention
on the Rights of the Child
War
Child
SOS
Children's Villages
|
FRANCOPHONE
AFRICA
DEVELOPMENT:
Technological
development in Francophone Africa
The Declaration of Dakar, Francophone
meeting on participatory development
EAGER, Mid-term
evaluation project
M. T. Francisco, Synthesis
of Five Francophone Africa Country Studies on the Effectiveness of Informatics Policy
Instruments in Africa, 1995
Overview
of educational material utilised in Francophone Africa
J. Nadeau et al., Information
Highway and the Francophone world: Current situation and strategies for the future
K. Nordenserenj et al., Overview
of educational material utilised in Francophone Africa, 1998
POWER RELATIONS BETWEEN
FRANCE AND AFRICA:
SURVIE, Les
dossiers noirs de la politique africaine de la France
Réseau Voltaire, Les
liaisons mafieuses de la Françafrique
R. Williams, Beyond
old borders: Challenges to Franco-South African security relations in the new millenium
P. Leymarie, Shock
waves after Mobutu. Africa's new geopolitics, in Le Monde Diplomatique 1997
FRENCH "COOPERATION" WITH AFRICA:
L. De Boisdeffre, Etude
comparative sur l'aide à la réduction de la pauvreté: le cas de la France,
1996
Observatoire Permanent de la Coopération Française, Bercy-Bretton
Woods: Le poids du Ministere des Finances dans l'APD de la France et les liens avec le
F.M.I., 1996
Observatoire Permanent de la Coopération Française, La
dévaluation du franc CFA, 1995
J. D. Naudet, Aperçu
de l'aide bilatérale française au développement, 1995
Comité d'Aide au Développement (CADOECD), Memorandum
de la France au CAD , 1994
Observatoire Permanent de la Coopération Française, L'opacité
du systeme français d'aide au développement , 1995
P. Leymarie, En
Afrique, la fin des ultimes "chasses gardées", in Le Monde
Diplomatique, 1996
Charles Josselin, Avenir
de l'influence française. Pour une solidarité européenne commune, Courrier
de la Planete 42, 1997
OECD, Development
cooperation review of France
S. Saumon, From
state capitalism to neo-liberalism in Algeria: the case of a failing state
S. Saumon, External
domination via domestic states: the case of Francophone Africa
S. Saumon, French
neo-colonialism in Francophone Africa? The role of the state in processes of foreign
domination
K. Gernoth, Present
threats to France's hegemonic role in Africa: neo-colonialism no longer in demand
M. Allan, A
monetary policy to boost regional competitiveness: the CFA Franczone
CONFLICT:
A. Manley, Guinea
Bissau/Senegal: war, civil war and the Casamance question
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT:
C. Olivier, Bring
in back the shine, Worldlink, (Cote d'Ivoire), 1998
B. Chavane, Bilan
et perspectives des privatisations en Afrique francophone, Organisation
Internationale du Travail
Equity and Growth Through Economic Research (USAID), L'économie
politique de la libéralisation du commerce exterieur. Le cas de la vanille à Madagascar,
2000
Equity and Growth Through Economic Research (USAID), Measuring
competitiveness and its sources: the case of Mali's manufacturing sector
Médecins Sans Frontieres, New
agreements on patents for medicines in Francophone Africa threatens the health of
populations, 2000
B. J. Cohen, Beyond
the EMU: a problem of sustainability, 2000
|
DATA from The
World Factbook (CIA)
Former French colonies and protectorats: |
Former Belgian
colonies:
Burundi
* Congo,
Democratic Republic of the (former Zaire) *Rwanda
Former Portuguese colonies:
Cape
Verde * Sao
Tome and Principe *
Former Spanish colonies:
Equatorial
Guinea *
Former English colonies:
Seychelles
* Sierra
Leone * Mauritius |
| U.S. Library of the
Congress: Côte d'Ivoire: a case study
(1988) |
| JOURNALS Internet
African History Sourcebook
Horn
of Africa Bulletin
Information
Bank on African Development Studies (IBADS)
In defence of Marxism: Africa
World History Archives: Western
Africa
Central
Africa
Eastern
Africa
Southern
Africa
The
Horn
Egypt
and the Maghrib
African
Studies Internet Resources
Canadian
Journal of Political Science
ECHOES
from elsewhere
Editorial
The Sidama
Concern
Articles
and Book Reviews by Seyoum Y. Hameso
African Studies Quartely
Le nouvel Afrique Asie
Jeune Afrique Economie
World Council of Churches (WCC), Publications
Journal
of Sustainable Development in Africa
Internet
Journal of African Studies (University of Bradford)
Newsletter
the magazine
Foreign
Policy
Mediterranean
Quarterly
Political
Science Quarterly
Africabib
(bibliography)
|
| NEWS AND MEDIA All Africa Global Media (AAGM)
Africa
Online
Africa
2000
The Independent (South Africa)
KenyaWeb
Daily
Mail & Guardian (South Africa)
The Nando Times
Synthese Info
AAGM: North
Africa
AAGM: West
Africa
AAGM: East
Africa
AAGM: Central
Africa
AAGM: Southern
Africa
NewAfrica.Com:
Africa
Economy
Central
Banks reports
African Economic Newsletter
Africa Stock Exchange
Structural
Adjustment
Africa
Social Economic Reports
Africa
Poverty Strategies
Africa Organisations
Foreign Debt
African Countries
Feature Articles
Foreign Aid
Economic
Indicators
Exchange rates
Economic Trends
Economic Trade
Economic Policy
Economic Researches
Regional
Integration
Economic
Reports
Central Banks in Africa
Budget
Speeches
Africa intelligence
Afrique
Tribune
Africalog.
Bridging Africa to the World
Africa
News Now
Afrikom
|
| OTHER LINKS Index on Africa
Columbia University: African
Studies Internet Resources
African Studies Association: Africa
south of the Sahara
H-Africa
Oneworld News: Africa
Africa Information Service
NewsAfrica
AdmiNet-Africa
Center
for International Private Enterprise
Digital
Imaging Project of South Africa
Comparative
Democratization Project, Stanford University
A
Vision for Africa
Africa
Server
afriqueDev
- a portal for Africa Development
Yale
Africa Guide Interactive
AfricaCafe
Bisharat
Business
and Economic Information on Africa , Columbia University
|
| INTERNATIONAL
REPORTS AND STATISTICS Organization
of African Unity
World
Development Reports
Human
Development Report 2000
The
state of food insecurity in the world
Global
Development Finance 2000
World
Development Indicators 2000
World
Resources 1998-99: Trends
X
UNCTAD
Xe
CNUCED
UNCTAD
X
World Bank, Classification
of economies by income, 1997-1998
Country
Indicators for Foreign Policy
Statistical
Office of the European Union
|
ORGANISATIONS AND
INSTITUTIONS
Organisation
of African Unity (OAU)
Coalition
Mondiale pour l'Afrique-Global
Coalition for Africa
United
Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)
Africa Policy Information Center
Organisations of Africa (MBendi)
The
Development Group for Alternative Policies -GAP-
Centre
d'étude d'Afrique noire (University of Bordeaux)
Information
sur les pays en développement IBISCUS
Oxford University: Centre
for the Study of African Economies
Working
papers
Office
of the Special Coordinator for Africa and the Least Developed Countries (UN)
Arab and Islamic Development Funds and Financial Institutions
AFRICA
RECOVERY on line
United
Nations University: Priority Africa
Africa
Economic Research Consortium (AERC)
The
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)
International
Institute for Democracy
Africa
Resources Trust
Capacity.org:
a gateway on capacity building
Transnational
Institute
Harvard
University: Africa Research Program
The
Center for Foreign Policy Studies
United
Nations Development Program in South Africa African
National Congress(South Africa)
Congress
of South African Trade Unions
Canadian
International Development Agency(French and English)
World
Bank Africa Home Page
The
International Centre for Ethnic Studies
Centre
for International Development and conflict Management
Group
For Research and information on Peace and Security
The
International Institute for Strategic Studies
Friends
of Africa Foundation
African
Development Bank
Africa
Virtual University
Centre
for the Development of Industry(European Union on industrialisation in ACP
countries)
Centre
for the Study of African Economies
Africa
Research Central
Common
Market of Eastern and Southern Africa Bankers' Association
The
Anti-Apartheid Movement
Industrial
Development Corporation of South Africa Limited
South
African Reserve Bank
Saatchi
and Saatchi Africa Insite
Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace
Trade
and Industrial Policy Secretariat, South Africa
Africa
Peace Cup
Social
Science Research Council
|
LINKS ON
FRANCOPHONE AFRICA
Afrique
francophone
Institut
de Recherche sur le Maghreb contemporain
Economie et Développement: Le
Centre International Francophone de Documentation et d'Information de l'Agence de la
Francophonie
La
Mort de Patrice E. Lumumba
Senegal
Online
L'Afrique
francophone virtuelle
Algérie:FORUM
(Chronologie, Evénements 1954-1962)
AFRICA UPDATE: Francophone
Africa Spring, 1995
AFRICA UPDATE: archives
|
MIDDLE EAST
Dr. T. Hermann, Conducting
Research in a Divided Society: the Israeli-Palestinian case, The Tami Steinmetz Center
for Peace Research Tel Aviv University and the Open University of Israel 1997
|
TOOLS
Countries
A-H
Countries
I-P
Countries
Q-Z
Reference
map from the CIA
Maps
of Africa, Perry-Castañeda Library, Map
Collection
|
From Chatham House- 30 September 2009
Somaliland: democracy threatened
By
Michael Walls
Download Paper here
Somaliland faces a critical constitutional and political dilemma that is the
equal of pivotal points in its recent past: successful negotiation of that
dilemma would mark a significant step forward in the evolution of the Somaliland
political system, but failure with consequent instability and a more
authoritarian governance system remains a distinct possibility.
Somaliland is one of the few secure and democratic territories in the Horn
of Africa. The destabilising effect of a failure to successfully tackle the
current crisis can only contribute to further deterioration in an already
unstable part of the African continent.
From African Affairs - 9 May 2009
The emergence of a Somali state: building peace from civil war in Somaliland
By Michael Walls
[(C)The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal African Society. All rights reserved]
ABSTRACT
At a time when Somalia is widely viewed as a political and humanitarian
disaster, it is significant that the north-western territory of Somaliland has
installed a comparatively stable government and held a series of elections
that have been declared ‘relatively free and fair’ by observers. This article
considers a key period in the establishment of the current system of state,
from the 1991 collapse of the Siyaad Barre regime to the 1993 conference
in the northern town of Borama which saw the transition from an
interim military government to civilian administration. While the Borama
conference did not end conflict in Somaliland, it resulted in an interim constitution
that eventually enabled a more lasting peace, along with popular
elections for local government, President, and Lower House of Parliament.
The article argues that the success of the 1991–3 process was built on a
set of deeply embedded social norms that emphasized the importance of
dialogue between antagonists; a willingness to accept that the most complex
grievances would be set aside indefinitely to avoid the contentious
process of negotiating compensation payments; the opening of space for
the intervention of mediators; and a sustained commitment to consensus
building in preference to divisive voting. In short, local resources have
been employed effectively in the cause of achieving a lasting peace and
what appears to be a viable system of democracy.
|
Centre for Policy Studies
The Centre for Policy Studies is an independent policy research
institution that produces original and thought-provoking research on South
Africa's, and the rest of Africa's policies, governance and democratisation
challenges.
Originally established 15 years ago, as part of
the Business School of the University of the Witwatersrand in 1987, CPS’s work
still enjoys wide recognition among foreign scholars and research institutions.
Engaging with, but remaining independent of all political parties and interest
groups, it has established itself as a highly respected influence in South
Africa’s key policy debates.
CPS is currently engaged in a major expansion programme with a
strong emphasis on Africa. Besides a concerted effort to raise enough core
funding to sustain a high level of research activity, this programme also
entails an increased emphasis on:
• international co-operative research projects,
• efforts
to enhance and deepen CPS’s field research,
• a training programme designed
to improve CPS research expertise, and
• longer-term projects which will
deepen the understanding of South Africa’s policy challenges.
Over the next five years, 2007 - 2012, CPS will focus on a
clearly defined niche of policy, governance and democratisation. Its commitment
to researching continental African challenges and disseminating them widely will
be steadfast.
|
The urban challenge in Africa: Growth and management of its
large cities
Edited by Carole Rakodi
United Nations University Press
TOKYO
- NEW YORK - PARIS
© The United Nations University,
1997
The views expressed in this publication are
those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United
Nations University.
|
From The World Bank - September 2006
Africa's Silk Road:
China and India's New Economic Frontier
China and India Breaking New Economic Ground in Africa;
South-South Trade and Investment Create Imbalance, Opportunities
|
|
Commission for Africa Report Launched
By Corinne Archer, 11 March 2005
Addis Ababa, 11 March - The Commission for Africa (CFA), launched its long-awaited report
on 11 March.
Report of the Comission for Africa
[PDF]
-
Keynote Address by H.E Prime minister Meles Zenawi
-
Address by K.Y. Amoako, Executive Secretary of ECA
-
Extensive
Media Coverage
-
Photo Gallery |
From
Economic Commission for Africa:
Economic Report on Africa:
2008
Africa and the
Monterrey Consensus: Tracking Performance and Progress
2007
Accelerating
Africa’s Development through Diversification
2006
Capital Flows and
Development Financing in Africa
2005
Meeting the
Challenges of Unemployment and Poverty in Africa
2004
Unlocking Africa's Trade Potential
2003:
Accelerating the pace of development.
The report examines how Africa can achieve growth rates necessary to attain the Millennium
Development Goals. It ranks African countries based on the performance of macroeconomic,
poverty reduction, and institution building policies, using an ECA-designed Expanded
Policy Stance Index.
2002
Tracking Performance and Progress
2000
Transforming Africa's Economies
1999
The challenges of poverty reduction and sustainability
1998
Financial sector reform and debt management
The complete series
|
The Missing Link in Growth and Sustainable
Development: Closing the Gender Gap
|
Economic and Social Conditions in Southern Africa
2002
Economic Impact of Environmental Degradation in
Southern Africa.
ECA Subregional Office for Southern Africa.
|
Land tenure systems and
Sustainable development in Southern Africa
A publication of the Southern Africa Regional Office.
December 2003.
(12.23.2003)
---------------------------------- |
Land Tenure Systems and their Impacts on Food
Security and Sustainable Development in Africa
------------------ |
Harnessing Technologies for Sustainable Development
A publication of the Economic and Social Policy
Division. (08.23.2002)
------------------------- |
Transboundary River/Lake Basin Water Development
in Africa: Prospects, Problems, and Achievements
December 2000 - (09.02.2002)
------------------------------------ |
Population, Agriculture and
Environment in Africa: Some Key Indicators
A publication of the Sustainable Development Division
(SSD) - (09.12.2002)
--------------------------- |
The State of Demographic
Transition in Africa
A publication of the Sustainable Development Division.
(08.21.2002)
------------------------- |
Africa’s Population and Development Bulletin
June - July 2001
------------------------------------------ |
ECA Prospectus 2004
----------------------- |
Scoring African Leadership
for Better Health
------------------------ |
Assessing Regional Integration in Africa
July 2004
---------------------------- |
"Defining Priorities for Regional Integration"
Report of the Third African Development Forum (ADF
III), which was held from 03 - 08 March 2002 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (02.20.2003)
---------------------------- |
Report of the Fourth African Development Forum (ADF IV)
"Governance for a Progressing Africa"
11-15 October 2004, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
--------------------------------- |
"Striving for Good Governance in Africa"
Synopsis of the African Governance Report 2005.
------------------------- |
Public Sector Management Reforms in Africa
--------------------- |
Best Practices in the Participatory Approach to
Delivery of Social Services
------------------------ |
Assessing
Regional Integration in Africa
The report provides a comprehensive evaluation of the
state of Africa's integration process, showing where efforts have succeeded or failed
including why intra African trade remains low; and how lack of macro-economic policy
convergence and insufficient infrastructures hamper integration. 14 July 2004.
-------------------------- |
ECA Annual Report 2004
--------------------------- |
ICPD 10th Anniversary:
Africa Regional Review Report
----------------------- |
Poverty Mapping for Selected African Countries.
The countries covered are: Ethiopia, Egypt, Ghana,
Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Tanzania. April
2003.
---------------------------- |
African Media and ICT4D: Documentary Evidence
A baseline study on the state of media reporting on
ICT and information society issues in Africa. December 2003
------------------------------- |
Africa Speaks
Perspectives on Africa’s Road toward the
Information Society. November 2003.
------------------------ |
Policies and Plans on the Information Society: Status and
Impact.
This volume, “Policies and Plans on the
Information Society: Status and Impact’” is the first in a series of
publications that document the development and formulation of national e-strategies under
the framework of the Africa Information Society Initiative (AISI). October 2003.
-------------------------------- |
SCAN ICT
Indicators of Information and Communications
Technologies (ICT). The Impact of Information and Communications Technology at the country
level. October 2003
----------------------------- |
E- Strategies
National, Sectoral and Regional ICT Policies, Plans
and Strategies. Sub-committee on Information and Communication Technology: ICT and
Governance, April 2003.
------------------------ |
World Institute for Development Economics
Research
Discussion Papers:
DP2002/122 A. V. Y. Mbelle:
HICP Relief:
Too Little, Too Late? Perspectives from a New Qualifier, Tanzania (PDF 175KB) |
DP2002/114 Jennifer Mbabazi:
A CGE Analysis of
the Short-run Welfare Effects of Tariff Liberalisation in Uganda (PDF 216KB)
DP2002/103 Ilham Haouas, Mahmoud Yagoubi and Almas Heshmati:
Labour-Use
Efficiency in Tunisian Manufacturing Industries: A Flexible Adjustment Model (PDF 238KB)
DP2002/102 Ilham Haouas, Mahmoud Yagoubi and Almas Heshmati:
The Impacts of
Trade Liberalization on Employment and Wages in Tunisian Industries (PDF 280KB)
DP2002/91 Mina. N. Baliamoune:
Assessing the
Impact of One Aspect of Globalization on Economic Growth in Africa (PDF 116KB)
DP2002/84 Albertus Aochamub, Daniel Motinga, and Christoph Stork:
Economic
Development Potential through IP Telephony for Namibia (PDF
733KB)
DP2002/83 Samia Satti O. M. Nour:
ICT
Opportunities and Challenges for Development in the Arab World (PDF 167KB)
DP2002/79 Sagren Moodley:
Competing in the
Digital Economy?: The Dynamics and Impacts of B2B E-commerce on the South African
Manufacturing Sector (PDF 321KB)
DP2002/72 Steve Onyeiwu:
Inter-Country
Variations in Digital Technology in Africa: Evidence, Determinants, and Policy
Applications (PDF 296KB)
DP2002/66 Nancy N. Nafula:
Achieving
Sustainable Universal Primary Education through Debt Relief: The Case of Kenya (PDF 255KB)
DP2002/65 Paul Kieti Kimalu:
Debt Relief and
Health Care in Kenya (PDF 93KB)
DP2002/59 Mohammed Omran:
Testing for a
Significant Change in the Egyptian Economy under the Economic Reform Programme Era
(PDF 279KB)
DP2002/50 Nancy
Birdsall, Stijn Claessens and Ishac Diwan:
Will HIPC Matter?
The Debt Game and Donor Behaviour in Africa (PDF 277KB)
A shorter version of this publication is available as Working Paper 17
from the Center for Global Development.
DP2002/49 Samuel Fambon:
Endettement du
Cameroun: Problèmes et solutions (PDF 594KB)
DP2002/44 Lisandro Abrego and Doris C. Ross:
Debt Relief under
the HIPC Initiative. Context and Outlook for Debt Sustainability and Resource Flows
(PDF 859KB)
DP2002/37 Christiana E.E. Okojie:
Gender and
Education as Determinants of Household Poverty in Nigeria (PDF
337KB)
DP2002/35 Alemayehu Geda:
Debt Issues in
Africa: Thinking beyond the HIPC Initiative to Solving Structural Problems (PDF 468KB)
DP2002/33 Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa:
Fiscal Policy,
Growth and Poverty Reduction in Uganda (PDF 152KB)
DP2002/27 Clas Wihlborg:
Insolvency and
Debt Recovery Procedures in Economic Development: An Overview of African Law (PDF 425KB)
DP2002/26 Jean-Philippe Platteau:
The Gradual
Erosion of the Social Security Function of Customary Land Tenure Arrangements in
Lineage-Based Societies (PDF 470KB)
DP2002/25 Markus Goldstein, Alain de Janvry and Elisabeth Sadoulet:
Is a Friend in
Need a Friend Indeed? Inclusion and Exclusion in Mutual Insurance Networks in Southern
Ghana (PDF 162KB)
DP2002/14 Leonce Yapo:
Déterminants de
l'endettement extérieur des PPTE: Cas de la Côte d'Ivoire (PDF
187KB)
DP2002/12 Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa:
Privatization in
sub-Saharan Africa: On Factors Affecting Implementation (PDF
341KB)
DP2002/04 Oliver Morrissey:
Making Debt
Relief Conditionality Pro-Poor (PDF 236KB)
DP2002/01 Youssoufou Congo:
Performance of
Microfinance Institutions in Burkina Faso (PDF 247KB)
|
DP 2001/146 Henning Tarp
Jensen and Finn Tarp:
On the Choice of
Appropriate Development Strategy: Insights from CGE Modelling of the Mozambican Economy
(PDF 407KB)
DP 2001/144 Karin Kronlid:
Household Welfare and
Education in Urban Ethiopia (PDF 624KB)
DP 2001/143 Aleš Bulír and A. Javier Hamann:
How Volatile and
Unpredictable are Aid Flows, and What are the Policy Implications? (PDF 732KB) |
DP 2001/141 Tony Addison:
Do Donors Matter for
Institutional Reform in Africa? (PDF 256KB)
DP 2001/139 Machiko Nissanke and Benno Ferrarini:
Debt Dynamics and
Contingency Financing: Theoretical Reappraisal of the HIPC Initiative (PDF 1724KB)
DP 2001/138 Justine Nannyonjo:
The HIPC Debt Relief Initiative: Uganda's Social Sector Reforms and Outcomes (PDF
318KB)
DP 2001/137 Erich Gundlach, José Navarro de Pablo and Natascha
Weisert:
Education
Is Good for the Poor: A Note on Dollar and Kraay (2001) (PDF
197KB)
DP 2001/133 Orlando San Martin:
Reaching the Poor: Fine
Tuning Poverty Targeting Using a 'Poverty Map'-The Case of Mozambique (PDF 669KB)
DP 2001/131 Arne Bigsten:
Relevance of the Nordic
Model for African Development (PDF 221KB)
DP 2001/130 Constantino J. Gode:
Sovereign Debt and
Uncertainty in the Mozambican Economy (PDF 634KB)
DP 2001/126 Abdalla Hamdok:
Governance and Policy
in Africa: Recent Experiences (PDF 168KB)
DP 2001/123 Neil McCulloch, Bob Baulch and Milasoa Cherel-Robson:
Poverty, Inequality and
Growth in Zambia during the 1990s (PDF 508KB)
DP 2001/122 Geske Dijkstra and Niels Hermes:
The Uncertainty of Debt
Service Payments and Economic Growth of HIPCs: Is there a Case for Debt Relief? (PDF 183KB)
DP 2001/121 David Booth:
PRSP Processes in Eight
African Countries: Initial Impacts and Potential for Institutionalization (PDF 234KB)
DP 2001/119 Robert Osei and Peter Quartey:
The HIPC Initiative and
Poverty Reduction in Ghana: An Assessment (PDF 268KB)
DP 2001/118 Marko Nokkala:
Simulating the Effects
of Debt Relief in Zambia (PDF 104KB)
DP 2001/117 Marko Nokkala:
Sector Investments as
part of National Fiscal Policy: Experience from ASIP in Zambia (PDF 237KB)
DP 2001/116 Maureen Were:
The Impact of External
Debt on Economic Growth in Kenya: An Empirical Assessment (PDF
256KB)
DP 2001/115 Moses L. Golola:
Decentralization, Local
Bureaucracies and Service Delivery in Uganda (PDF 254KB)
DP 2001/114 Rasmus Heltberg and Finn Tarp:
Agricultural Supply
Response and Poverty in Mozambique (PDF 262KB)
DP 2001/113 Kunibert Raffer:
Debt Relief for Low-Income
Countries: Arbitration as the Alternative to Present, Unsuccessful Debt Strategies (PDF 99KB)
DP 2001/112 Elaine Zuckerman:
Why Engendering PRSPs
Reduces Poverty, and the Case of Rwanda (PDF 310KB)
DP 2001/110 European Network on Debt and Development:
Debt Reduction for
Poverty Eradication in the Least Developed Countries: Analysis and Recommendations on LDC
Debt (PDF 541KB)
DP 2001/109 Dick Durevall:
Reform of the Malawian
Public Sector: Incentives, Governance and Accountability (PDF
277KB)
DP 2001/108 Aili Mari Tripp:
Non-formal
Institutions, Informal Economies, and the Politics of Inclusion (PDF 236KB)
Africa’s formal economies responded poorly to economic reform measures in the 1980s
and 1990s while informal markets and institutions responded dynamically and proved to
be more resilient. Using comparative analysis of African informal economies, this study
explains why this was the case. It outlines the economic rationales that drive these
informal economies to show how their logic often derives from social considerations
that may be at odds with the goals of profit maximization. It then maps out some of the
institutional terrain within which the informal sector operates. The study also analyzes
the extent to which government policies in Africa have facilitated and constrained the
informal sector; it describes continuing impediments to the growth of local and informal
markets; and explores incentives that would enhance informal institutions.
DP 2001/107 Adrian Fozzard and Mick Foster:
Changing Approaches to
Public Expenditure Management in Low-income Aid Dependent Countries (PDF 376KB)
DP 2001/106 Anders Danielson:
Can HIPC Reduce Poverty in
Tanzania? (PDF 192KB)
DP 2001/105 Jean-Claude Berthélemy:
HIPC Debt Relief and
Policy Reform Incentives (PDF 176KB)
DP 2001/104 Arne Bigsten, Jörgen Levin, and Håkan Persson:
Debt Relief and Growth: A
study of Zambia and Tanzania (PDF 275KB)
DP 2001/103 Matthew O. Odedokun and Jeffery I. Round:
Determinants of Income
Inequality and its Effects on Economic Growth: Evidence from African Countries (PDF 451KB)
The paper empirically investigates, in the context of African countries, the determinants of
income distribution and inequality, the effect of inequality on economic growth, and the
channels through which inequality affects growth. Data for 35 countries over different
periods in the last four decades were employed. Factors identified as having affected
income distribution include the level of economic development attained, regional factors,
size of government budget and the amount of it devoted to subsidies and transfers, phase of
economic cycle, share of agricultural sector in total labour force, as well as human and
land resources endowment. Some evidence that high inequality reduces growth is also
found. The channels through which inequality affect growth are found to be through
reduction in secondary and tertiary education investment, reduction in political stability,
and increase in fertility rate. There is, however, no evidence that it affects private saving
and investment or the size of government expenditure and taxation, contrary to what is
contended in the theoretical literature.
DP 2001/100 Bernhard G. Gunter:
Does the HIPC Initiative
Achieve its Goal of Debt Sustainability? (PDF 379KB)
DP 2001/99 Craig Burnside and Domenico Fanizza:
Hiccups for HIPCs? (PDF 362KB)
DP 2001/97 Tony Addison and Robert Osei:
Taxation and Fiscal Reform
in Ghana (PDF 281KB)
DP 2001/96 Lisandro Abrego and Doris C. Ross:
Debt Relief under the HIPC
Initiative: Context and Outlook for Debt Sustainability and Resource Flows (PDF 239KB)
DP 2001/94 E. S. K. Muwanga-Zake and Stephen Ndhaye:
The HIPC Debt Relief
Initiative: Uganda's Experience (PDF 224KB)
DP 2001/91 Michael Grimm:
A Decomposition of
Inequality and Poverty Changes in the Context of Macroeconomic Adjustment: A
Microsimulation Study for Côte d'Ivoire (PDF 554KB)
This paper proposes a microeconomic decomposition of the evolution of income
inequality in Côte d'Ivoire in the 1990s, allowing the in-depth analysis of simultaneous
contributions of four types of phenomena to the evolution of the distribution of income:
a change in the remuneration rates of observed and unobserved earnings determinants, a
change in occupational preferences, and a change in the sociodemographic population
structure. I show, for instance, that the increase in income inequality in Abidjan was the
result of changes in the sociodemographic population structure and of changes in
unobserved earnings determinants, even though higher activity, inflows in wage labour,
a drop in returns to schooling, and the Ivorian/non-Ivorian wage differential worked
toward a more equal distribution. Concerning the link between growth and inequality, it
is interesting to note that both negative income growth in Abidjan as well as positive
income growth in rural Côte d'Ivoire, were connected with rising inequality.
DP 2001/90 Tony Addison, Alemayehu Geda, Philippe Le
Billon and S. Mansoob Murshed:
Financial Reconstruction in Conflict and 'Post-Conflict'
Economies (PDF 197KB)
DP 2001/87 Hendrik Van der Heijden:
Zambian Policy-making
and the Donor Community in the 1990s (PDF 324KB)
DP 2001/86 Mohammed Salisu:
Incentive Structure, Civil
Service Efficiency and the Hidden Economy in Nigeria (PDF
349KB)
DP 2001/85 José A. Sulemane and Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa:
The Mozambican Civil
Service Incentives, Reforms and Performance (PDF 282KB)
DP 2001/82 Linda Cotton and Vijaya Ramachandran:
Foreign Direct Investment
in Emerging Economies: Lessons from sub-Saharan Africa (PDF
302KB)
This paper analyses prospects for foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa. The
problems with regard to attracting FDI in small economies are not that different than
those in larger economies in the developing world. In particular, lack of infrastructure,
cumbersome government regulations and restrictions on equity holdings by foreigners
are common to both large and small countries. FDI flows could be a lot higher in sub-
Saharan Africa if governments implemented a proper set of regulations that enabled
investors to do business in a fair and consistent manner. In small countries, a single
large project can be very significant in terms of raising interest in FDI. For example,
Mozal in Mozambique has given the country greater visibility in the international arena.
Also, if a small country is able to successfully implement a large project, it establishes
itself as a credible host for FDI, thereby attracting further investment and employment.
DP 2001/80 Jörgen Levin:
Taxation in Tanzania
(PDF 278KB)
DP 2001/77 Derrick L. Cogburn and Catherine Nyaki Adeya:
Prospects for the Digital
Economy in South Africa: Technology, Policy, People, and Strategies (PDF 258KB)
DP 2001/70 Tony Killick:
Poverty-Reducing
Institutional Change and PRSP Processes: The Ghana Case (PDF
522KB) A slightly revised version of this paper,
co-authored by Charles Abugre, is available electronically on request to t.killick@odi.org.uk
DP 2001/68 Peter Hjertholm:
Debt Relief and the Rule of
Thumb: Analytical History of HIPC Debt Sustainability Targets (PDF 367KB)
DP 2001/66 Göte Hansson:
Building New States:
Lessons from Eritrea (PDF 223KB)
DP 2001/65 Philippe Le Billon:
Fuelling War or Buying
Peace: The Role of Corruption in Conflicts (PDF 309KB)
DP 2001/64 Carlos Castel-Branco, Christopher Cramer and Degol Hailu:
Privatization and
Economic Strategy in Mozambique (PDF 221KB)
DP 2001/63 Rasmus Heltberg, Kenneth Simler and Finn Tarp:
Public Spending and
Poverty in Mozambique (PDF 531KB)
DP 2001/62 Léonce Ndikumana:
Fiscal Policy, Conflict,
and Reconstruction in Burundi and Rwanda (PDF 647KB)
DP 2001/57 Tony Addison and S. Mansoob Murshed:
Debt Relief and Civil War
(PDF 205KB)
DP 2001/56 David L. Bevan:
The Fiscal Dimensions of
Ethiopia's Transition and Reconstruction (PDF 358KB)
DP 2001/55 Tony Addison and Alemayehu Geda:
Ethiopia's New Financial
Sector and Its Regulation (PDF 210KB)
DP 2001/54 Stergios Skaperdas:
Warlord Competition
(PDF 144KB)
DP 2001/53 Yvonne M. Tsikata:
Owning Economic Reforms: A
Comparative Study of Ghana and Tanzania (PDF 119KB)
DP 2001/52 Damiano Kulundu Manda:
Incentive Structure and
Efficiency in the Kenyan Civil Service (PDF 102KB)
DP 2001/51 Tony Addison, Philippe Le Billon, and S. Mansoob Murshed:
Conflict In Africa:
The Cost of Peaceful Behaviour (PDF 115KB)
DP 2001/48 Tony Addison and S. Mansoob Murshed:
From Conflict to
Reconstruction: Reviving the Social Contract (PDF 117KB)
DP 2001/47 Renato Aguilar:
Angola's Incomplete
Transition (PDF 97KB)
DP 2001/46 Jean-Paul Azam and Anke Hoeffler:
Violence Against Civilians
in Civil Wars: Looting or Terror? (PDF 190KB)
DP 2001/39 Jörg Mayer:
Globalization,
Technology Transfer, and Skill Accumulation in Low-Income Countries (PDF 138KB)
Also available from UNCTAD
DP 2001/38 Guy Mhone and Patrick Bond:
Botswana and Zimbabwe:
Relative Success and Comparative Failure (PDF 123KB)
DP 2001/37 Deborah Bräutigam and Michael Woolcock:
Small States in a Global
Economy: The Role of Institutions in Managing Vulnerability and Opportunity in Small
Developing Countries (PDF 114KB)
DP 2001/28 Anders Danielson:
Economic and
Institutional Reforms in French-speaking West Africa Impact on Efficiency and Growth
(PDF 144KB)
DP 2001/23 Gaim Kibreab:
Displaced Communities and
the Reconstruction of Livelihoods in Eritrea (PDF 117KB)
DP 2001/22 Mário Adauta de Sousa, Tony Addison, Björn Ekman
and Åsa Stenman:
From
Humanitarian Assistance to Poverty Reduction in Angola (PDF
132KB)
DP2001/18 Tony
Addison:
Reconstruction
from War in Africa: Communities, Entrepreneurs, and States (PDF
174KB)
DP2001/16 Tony
Addison:
From
Conflict to Reconstruction (PDF 125KB)
DP2001/14 Marc Wuyts:
The Agrarian Question in
Mozambique's Transition and Reconstruction (PDF 119KB)
DP2001/12 Tony
Addison and Léonce Ndikumana:
Overcoming the Fiscal
Crisis of the African State (PDF 215KB) |
DP2003/90 Simon Appleton:
Regional or
National Poverty Lines? The Case of Uganda in the 1990s (PDF
204KB)
DP2003/76 Tony Addison and Mina Baliamoune-Lutz:
Institutional
Quality, Reforms and Integration in the Maghreb (PDF
206KB)
DP2003/70 Luc Christiaensen, Lionel Demery and Stefano Paternostro:
Reforms,
Remoteness and Risk in Africa: Understanding Inequality and Poverty during the 1990s
(PDF 281KB)
DP2003/66 Dirk Willem te Velde and Oliver Morrissey:
Spatial
Inequality for Manufacturing Wages in Five African Countries PDF 238KB)
This paper uses data on individual earnings in manufacturing industry for five African
countries in the early 1990s to test whether firms located in the capital city pay higher
wages than firms located elsewhere, and whether such benefits accrue to all or only certain
types of workers. Earnings equations are estimated that take into account worker
characteristics (education and tenure) and relevant firm characteristics (notably size and
whether foreign owned). Any location effect identified is therefore additional to
appropriate control variables. There are two main findings. First, we find evidence of a
‘pure capital city premium’ equivalent to between 12 per cent and 28 per cent of nominal
average earnings in the five countries. In some countries this location premium exceeds
plausible consumer price differentials, between the capital and other urban areas. This does
suggest that real (purchasing power) manufacturing wages are higher in the capital city
(although this real premium is no more than ten per cent). Second, we find that skilled
workers earn a higher wage premium in the capital city than those less skilled. However,...
DP2003/33 Mark McGillivray and Bazoumana Ouattara:
Aid, Debt
Burden and Government Fiscal Behaviour: A New Model Applied to Côte d’Ivoire
(PDF 191KB)
DP2003/15 George Mavrotas and Bazoumana Ouattara:
Aid Disaggregation,
Endogenous Aid and the Public Sector in Aid-Recipient Economies: Evidence from Côte
d’Ivoire (PDF 252KB)
DP2003/13 Samuel Munzele Maimbo and George Mavrotas:
Financial
Sector Reforms and Savings Mobilization in Zambia (PDF
242KB)
DP2003/12 Roger Kelly and George Mavrotas:
Savings and
Financial Sector Development: Panel Cointegration Evidence from Africa (PDF 211KB)
DP2003/10 Timothy M. Shaw:
Conflict
and Peace-building in Africa: The Regional Dimensions (PDF
590KB)
DP2003/06 Shyamal K. Chowdhury and Susanne Wolf:
Use of ICTs and the
Economic Performance of SMEs in East Africa (PDF 218KB)
This paper assesses the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and
their impact on the economic performance of small- and medium-scale enterprises
(SMEs) of three East African countries: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Findings of the
paper suggest that the diffusion of ICT among East African SMEs is both industry and
country specific. The empirical findings suggest that investment in ICT has a negative
impact on labour productivity and a positive impact on general market expansion.
However, such investment does not have any significant impact on enterprises’ return,
nor does it determine enterprises exporter (non-exporter) status.
More Discussion Papers
|
| Globalization
and Development in Africa - 1998
Bibliographies
Related Papers
Books
|
S. Rasheed/E. Chole,
Human
development: an African perspective,1994
U.N.,
Tokyo
Declaration on African Development, 1996
U.N.,
Survey
of Economic and Social conditions in Africa, 1995
U.N. Economic Commission for Africa, 21st
Conference of Ministers , 1995
Global Coalition for Africa,
Tendences
Economiques et Sociales en Afrique---english
Global Coalition for Africa,
Conférence
Internationale de Tokyo sur le Développement de l'Afrique---english
ECHOES, Gambling
with world food security
M. ul-Haq,
Human
Development in sub-Saharan Africa
R. Jolly,
Laying
the foundations for sustained Africa development in the 21st Century: the promise of the
World Summit for Children
North South Round Table,
Revitalizing
Africa for the 21st Century -an agenda for renewal
M. Kebede,
Development
and the African Philosophical Debate, in Journal of Sustainable Development
Radio Africana,
Education
in Africa
J-M. Ela,
Western
Development has failed. Looking to a new Africa, in Le Monde Diplomatique 1998
ICA, A
strategy for Co-operative Development in Africa (1994) Part I
UNESCO,
Analyses,
Agendas, and Priorities for Education in Africa
Equity and Growth Through Economic Research,
Does
Africa grow differently? , 1999
Internet
Journal of African Studies, Issue 2: Famine, March 1997
D. Porter and M. Onyach-Olaa,
Inclusive
Planning and Allocation for Rural Services, in Development in Practice
OECD,
African
Economic Outlook, 2001/2002
Individual
country notes
ECA:
Economic
Report on Africa 2000. Transforming Africa's economies
The World Bank:
Aid
and reform in Africa. Lessons from ten case studies
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