• Class Stratification in the Chinese Countryside(February 1979)
• Class Analysis in Socialist China(1978)
• The Chinese attempt to build a socialist society (notes)(1997)
• Notes on power, nepotism and military business in China(1997)
• Notes on China's painful path to capitalism(1997)
• The other side of China's miracle: unemployment and inequality(1997)

• Latin America: a failed industrial revolution (1985)
• Latin America: the making of a fractured society(1985)
• Latin America: a dependent mode of production (1985)
• Latin America: on the effects of colonization(1985)
• U.S. imperialism in Latin America (1985)
• 15 years of monetarism in Latin America: time to scream(1997)
• Latin America: structural changes in the economy. 1950-70(1973)
• Notes on Modernization theory and the laws of social change
• Notes on ECLAC's structuralism and dependency theory (1992)
• Notes on import-substitution strategies for development(1992)

• El desarrollo del dominio imperialista en Chile
• The Chilean way to socialism. Popular Unity
• The Chilean Armed Forces: a political organization
• Dependent capitalist development: Chile(1960s)(notes)
• Notes on the doctrine of national security(1)
• Notes on the doctrine of national security (2)
• Notes on development and dependency
• Theoretical notes about colonization
• Making sense of development studies (notes)

• Notes on Smith, Ricardo and Marx
• Notes on economics: assuming scarcity
• Notes on economics: about obscenities, poverty and inequality
• About obscenities, poverty and inequality in a capitalist system
• Notes on the making of "regulated capitalism"

• International capital and intellectual dishonesty
• The poverty of international trade theory
• Notes on the philosophy of the capitalist system
• The 'adjustment' of the world economy
• The transnational corporate system in the late 1990s
• South Korea, Taiwan and the myth of the "East Asian miracle"
• A market-friendly strategy for development
• Notes on agribusiness in the 1990s
• Transnational corporations in developing countries
• Notes on how market structure, competition policy, international trade and integrated international production managed by  transnational corporations restrict developing countries national policies autonomy

• Sustainable development in a globalized economy. 1997
• Sustainable development in a globalized economy? The odds. 1999
• Notes on structural adjustment programmes
• Agenda 21 revisited (notes)

• Notes on the centrality of the African state
• Africa: transformation without change
• Notes on the European Union and Africa
• Notes on the making of the Third World

• Theories of Development. Modernization theory
• The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund
• The IMF. Effects on strategies for development
• Notes on the World Bank model for growth

Basic knowledge on economics
(by Róbinson Rojas)(1997)

1.- Intro. to the subject matter of economics:

• The economic problem. Resource allocation: alternative approaches, the free market versus central planning. Discuss the meaning of "resource allocation" and outline the main alternative methods of allocating resources.
• Concepts for Review: Economic resources, resource allocation, production possibility curves, supply, demand, competition, profitability and the free market, central planning and bureaucracy, factors of production, distribution of income, factor mobility

2.- The history of economic thought [1]:

• Classical economics: the economic thought of Smith, Ricardo -problems of value, production and distribution, and economic growth. Karl Marx and the role of surplus value in the capitalist system of production. Discussion of the central principles of classical economics. Value theory and the long-term prospects for the capitalist economy in the classical and marxist thought.
• Concepts for review: Free market, competition, Smith's theory of value, the invisible hand, laissez faire, the labour theory of value, Marx's concept of surplus value, the rate of profits, capital accumulation, business cycles, Marx's concept of crises.

3.- The history of economic thought [2]:

• Principles of neo-classical economic thought; price theory and allocation of resources. Post 1945 economic thought: the rise and fall of keynesianism and monetarism. Outline the main differences between the neo-classical, keynesian and monetarist schools of thought as related to inflation, unemployment, economic growth and state involvement in the economy.
• Concepts for review: Price determination, allocation of resources, supply and demand, Say's law, aggregate demand and aggregate supply, the quantity theory of money, the public sector borrowing requirement.

4.- The theory of production [1]:

• The firm's costs and revenues. Price and output determination in conditions of perfect competition. Allocation of capital and labour. The perfect competition model of price and output determination. How real?
• Concepts for review:Fixed costs, variable costs. Total, average and marginal costs. Total, average and marginal revenues. Profit maximization ( normal and abnormal profits ) in the long and short run.

5.- The theory of production [2]:

• Oligopoly and Monopoly. Effects of oligopoly and monopoly on levels of employment, price and output. Contradiction between maximization of profits and maximization of employment. Globalization and oligopolies: transnational corporations. Comparing perfect competition and monopoly competition. The case of environmental damage.
• Concepts for review: Economies and dis-economies of scale. Efficiency of production. The role of abnormal profits in research and development. The role of abnormal profits in patterns of consumption. The role of abnormal profits in distribution of income.

6.- The theory of distribution:

• Determination of the returns to factors of production: rent, interest, profits, and  wages. The labour market and wage determination. Demand for labour as "derived". Wage differentials. What determines wage rates? Why do wage rates differ? How  do they differ in the U.K.?
• Concepts for review: Marginal productivity. Law of diminishing returns. Supply of and demand for factors of production. Competitive ( deregulated ) labour markets. Monopolies and monopsonistic labour markets. Trade  unions bargaining power: economic effects.

7.- The economics of income distribution:

• Causes of income inequality. Trends in income inequality. The case against income inequality. The case for income inequality. The "invisible" poor. Two points of view: personal shortcomings?  Social victims? The rationale of a social security system. Discuss, bringing some evidence to the discussion, the cases against and for income inequality in a capitalist system  
• Concepts for review: underemployment, relative poverty, absolute poverty, welfare state.

8.- The national income:

• Definitions and measurements. Problems of measurements. Uses and reliability of national income statistics. Outline some of the uses of national income figures, and discuss the reliability of the statistics in relation to these uses.

9.- National income determination [I]

Circular flow of income. Investments, government spending and exports. Saving, taxation, imports. The concept of equilibrium level of national income. The concept of aggregate demand - consumption, investment and government expenditure. Use circular flow analysis to explain the concept of the equilibrium level of the national income.

10.- National income determination [II]

• Aggregate demand - theories of consumption, investment, and government spending. What factors determine aggregate consumption?

11.- National income determination [III]

• Aggregate demand and Aggregate supply and the equilibrium level of national income.The multiplier and accelerator principles and changes in national income.

12.- Managing the Economy [I]:

• The main objectives of macroeconomic policy and the conflicts between these objectives.The instruments of policy - fiscal and monetary  polices, prices and incomes policies, exchange rates and import controls. Explain why there are likely to be conflicts between the major objectives of economic policies.

13.- Managing the Economy [II]:

• Unemployment - definitions and measurement. Recent trends in unemployment. Causes of unemployment. Inflation and unemployment. Keynesian and Monetarist approaches. What is meant by 'full employment'? Critically discuss the view that full employment is no longer an achievable objective of economic policy in the U.K.

14.- Managing the Economy[III]:

• Inflation - definition and measurement. Causes and cures. Keynesian and Monetarist explanations. What caused the significant rise in inflation at the end of the 1980's in the U.K.

15.- International Economic Relationships:

• An overview of the current status of relationships between the major trading blocks and their relations with Less Developed Countries. Discuss some of the main areas of policy conflict that exist between the major trading blocks the international economy, and estimate the chances of achieving concerted action to solve these problems.

16.- An examination of the political and economic reasons for the collapse of central planning in bureaucratic socialist societies ( esp. Soviet Union ):

• Concepts for review: Economic efficiency and social efficiency as relative notions. Welfare and profits. Cold War. Bureaucratic socialism. Perestroika. The social role of employment.