Róbinson Rojas -1997
Notes on agribusiness in the 1990s
The enormous economic-political power that transnational corporations
in agribusiness can exercise in the host countries where they operate
comes mainly from the links between production and trade in what is
called 'vertical integration'.
United Nation's World Investment Report 1996, "Investment, Trade and
International Policy Arrangements", U.N., 1996, describes the dynamics
driving agribusiness towards oligopolistic markets:
"...renewable resources products are imported by firms of the home
country (as a rule, a developed country), normally in the first instance
through arm's length contracts, i.e. by trade between independent
companies. Then, for various reasons -ranging from the minimization of
transaction costs (such as the need to ensure the security of supplies,
and thus reduce the costs of accomodating potential opportunism on the
part of an independent supplier) to the exploitation of economies of
scale, and depending on the resource involved -home-country firms
undertake FDI in a backward vertical integration process to internalize
markets for raw materials and thus assume control of foreign activties...
<
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S. Raghavan/S.
Chatterjee (June 24, 2001)
How your chocolate may be tainted
DALOA, Ivory Coast - There may be a hidden
ingredient in the chocolate cake you baked, the candy bars
your children sold for their school fund-raiser o
that fudge ripple ice cream cone you enjoyed on
Saturday afternoon.
Slave labor.
Forty-three percent of the world's cocoa beans, the
raw material in chocolate, come from small, scattered
farms in this poor West African country. And on some
of the farms, the hot, hard work of clearing the
fields and harvesting the fruit is done by boys who
were sold or tricked into slavery. Most of them are
between the ages of 12 and 16. Some are as young as
9.
The lucky slaves live on corn paste and bananas. The
unlucky ones are whipped, beaten and broken like
horses to harvest the almond-sized beans that are
made into chocolate treats for more fortunate children in
Europe and America.
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C.Hines 1984
Agribusiness. A block to Africa's food self-reliance
While Africans are dying of hunger, huge transnational agribusiness
corporations continue to amass profits by exporting food from those
same countries. Colin Hines comments on this obscene paradox:
"The Ethiopian famine, and the world's response to it, together with
similar events in the Sudan and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa, mean
that once again Africa is being labelled "the hunger continent".
This onslaught of bads news can easily lead to a fatalistic despair that
can blind people to the complexities behind the media images. It can
also obscure the reasons why the famine happened in the first place, and
hamper a consideration of what can be done.
|
9 April 2004:
Farming is one of the biggest global environmental threat, says new book |
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US Asia Regional Agribusiness Project
The purpose of the Asia Regional Agribusiness Project (RAP) was to increase and
continue the effectiveness of USAID mission agribusiness projects and programs
in promoting market efficiency and trade and investment in an environmentally
sustainable manner. RAP provided a mechanism for coordinating mission, bureau,
and other USAID and U.S. private sector and government agribusiness development
efforts in Asia. RAP assistance was used primarily in improving private sector
agribusiness performance and participation in Asia, particularly as they relate
to the development of joint ventures with U.S. agribusiness.RAP activities
included:
1) improving regional market transparency,
2) creating a
better understanding of regional market support infrastructure,
3) defining
product quality standards for market entry;
4) identifying solutions to
agribusiness development environmental concerns;
5) serving as a regional
liaison with the U.S. private sector;
6) incorporating gender concerns into
mission agribusiness efforts;
and
7) addressing key regional
agribusiness development issues that transcend individual country programs.
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Centro de Documentación de Desarrollo Rural
El Proyecto CEDERUL es un Portal en Internet, es un Grupo
internacional e interdisciplinar de expertos en Desarrollo Sostenible, son
Proyectos de Investigación y de Ayuda al Desarrollo, son Publicaciones, son
Jornadas, Congresos y Seminarios, es enseñanza on line…es un referente para
quienes trabajan por un desarrollo sostenible. En septiembre de 1989 se crea la
Escuela Universitaria Politécnica de Huesca de la Universidad de Zaragoza. Su
entonces Rector, Dr. Vicente Camarena encarga al Dr. Enrique Sáez la Direccción
del nuevo Centro universitario que impartirá las enseñanzas de Ingeniería
Técnica Química e Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola.
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