Indicators on income and economic activity
Source: Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat
and International Labour Office.
Per capita Adult economic activity rate(%)
GDP ($US) Year Male Female
1994
Afghanistan 3937 1979 87.5 a 7.2 a
Albania 700 ... ... ...
Algeria 563 1987 76.4 b 7.8 b
American Samoa ... 1990 58.8 c 42.4 c
Angola 384 ... ... ...
Antigua and Barbuda 5666 1991 74.4 56.2
Argentina 8248 1995 76.2 41.3
Armenia 117 1989 65.0 52.0
Australia 18561 1995 74.0 a 53.8 a
Austria 24823 1994 70.1 d 48.1 d
Azerbaijan 176 ... ... ...
Bahamas 12342 1994 81.2 67.0
Bahrain 8223 1991 88.2 29.2
Bangladesh 234 1990-91 88.3 a 62.6 a
Barbados 6505 1995 74.5 a 62.8 a
Belarus 517 1989 76.4 61.3
Belgium 21765 ... ... ...
Belize 2630 1994 79.0 e 34.0 e
Benin 278 1992 90.0 57.8
Bhutan 163 ... ... ...
Bolivia 867 1992 80.4 46.9
Bosnia-Herzegovina 1307 ... ... ...
Botswana 2666 1991 75.4 a 41.7 a
Brazil 3786 1993 84.9 f 52.5 f
Brunei Darussalam 16270 1991 82.2 46.4
Bulgaria 1106 1992 60.7 53.8
Burkina Faso 186 1991 88.9 79.4
Burundi 172 1991 90.1 g 90.6 g
Cambodia 422 1993 77.3 84.7
Cameroon 526 ... ... ...
Canada 18635 1995 72.5 h 57.4 h
Cape Verde 900 1990 85.1 41.1
Central African Republic 313 1988 87.0 68.8
Chad 162 1988 91.2 25.3
Chile 3685 1995 75.2 a 33.9 a
China 440 1990 84.9 72.9
Colombia 1847 1994 80.1 i 49.7 i
Comoros 301 ... ... ...
Congo 860 1984 68.4 49.2
Cook Islands 3717 1991 71.4 43.6
Costa Rica 2463 1994 80.5 34.0
Côte d'Ivoire 544 1988 88.7 g 42.0 g
Croatia 3867 1991 68.3 45.9
Cuba 1627 1988 72.6 j 41.2 j
Cyprus 9754 1995 78.0 k 47.6 k
Czech Republic 3498 1991 72.9 60.8
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 227 ... ... ...
Denmark 28245 1996 83.4 70.7
Djibouti 926 ... ... ...
Dominica 2902 1989 74.6 43.4
Dominican Republic 1347 ... ... ...
Ecuador 1597 1990 82.0 28.2
Egypt 760 1994 74.0 l 23.0 l
El Salvador 1584 1995 81.8 41.8
Equatorial Guinea 342 1983 89.1 42.4
Eritrea 96 ... ... ...
Estonia 1510 1995 71.0 m 53.9 m
Ethiopia 96 1995 84.7 58.4
Fiji 2369 1986 85.4 23.3
Finland 19048 1995 67.1 55.2
France 24608 1995 62.6 47.9
French Guiana 22516 1990 74.7 51.5
French Polynesia 19608 1988 74.2 n 48.5 n
Gabon 3086 ... ... ...
Gambia 332 ... ... ...
Georgia 256 1989 75.0 58.0
Germany 25179 1995 69.7 48.2
Ghana 333 ... ... ...
Greece 7465 1995 64.7 a 36.1 a
Grenada 2437 1988 69.4 56.2
Guadeloupe 7985 1990 66.9 52.3
Guam ... 1990 84.0 c 60.0 c
Guatemala 1252 1989 89.9 a 28.4 a
Guinea 461 1983 79.9 44.9
Guinea-Bissau 182 ... ... ...
Guyana 655 1992-93 81.2 39.3
Haiti 266 1990 80.3 49.0
Honduras 532 1995 86.4 a 34.7 a
Hong Kong kk 22590 1995 77.3 a 48.0 a
Hungary 4072 1995 58.6 n 40.3 n
Iceland 23280 1994 78.7 a 68.2 a
India 309 ... ... ...
Indonesia 792 1994 82.0 50.9
Iran (Islamic Rep. of) 1151 1991 79.8 9.9
Iraq 2855 1987 74.0 10.3
Ireland 14735 1995 67.8 39.5
Israel 14333 1994 62.8 o 44.7 o
Italy 17921 1994 62.1 n 33.7 n
Jamaica 1650 1994 74.0 e 62.4 e
Japan 36782 1995 77.6 50.0
Jordan 1095 1993 72.5 a 12.7 a
Kazakhstan 120 1989 78.5 62.8
Kenya 254 ... ... ...
Kiribati 602 1990 84.0 68.0
Korea, Dem. People's R. 1155 ... ... ...
Korea, Republic of 8519 1995 76.5 p 48.3 p
Kuwait 16285 1988 80.1 34.3
Kyrgyztan 222 1989 75.0 60.0
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 290 ... ... ...
Latvia 1173 1989 77.5 64.1
Lebanon 1692 ... ... ...
Lesotho 424 ... ... ...
Liberia 718 ... ... ...
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 4220 ... ... ...
Liechtenstein 49368 ... ... ...
Lithuania 1132 1989 74.7 60.2
Luxembourg 27611 1991 69.1 37.5
Macau ... 1995 70.4 a 48.1 a
Madagascar 208 ... ... ...
Malawi 130 1987 80.6 a 75.3 a
Malaysia 3582 1990 77.1 j 42.2 j
Maldives 1032 1990 77.3 q 20.2 q
Mali 183 ... ... ...
Malta 7394 ... ... ...
Marshall Islands 1719 1988 77.0 30.0
Martinique 11671 1990 65.7 54.1
Mauritania 411 1988
Mauritius 3134 1994 81.9 r 43.2 r
Mexico 4041 1995 84.0 37.0
Micronesia, Fed. States 2560 1985-89 65.0 s 33.0 s
Monaco 24693 ... ... ...
Mongolia 290 ... ... ...
Morocco 1098 1990 74.9 t 25.1 t
Mozambique 92 1980 88.2 86.5
Myanmar 1485 1983 73.8 u 38.9 u
Namibia 1924 1991 68.6 a 49.0 a
Nepal 158 1981 87.7 45.2
Netherlands 21536 1995 80.8 v 59.1 v
Netherlands Antilles 8679 1992 73.1 53.3
New Caledonia 18631 1989 80.8 w 49.9 w
New Zealand 14649 1995 74.2 x 55.8 x
Nicaragua 433 1991 87.5 39.7
Niger 211 ... ... ...
Nigeria 376 1986 78.3 y 37.2 y
Northern Mariana Islands ... 1990 88.0 c 76.0 c
Norway 25378 1995 75.2 z 64.0 z
Oman 5698 1993 84.1 15.8
Pakistan 434 1993-94 82.6 aa 14.7 aa
Palau 5833 1990 72.0 c 53.0 c
Panama 2550 1994 80.1 41.4
Papua New Guinea 1267 ... ... ...
Paraguay 1593 1992 85.7 bb 26.1 bb
Peru 2128 1995 78.6 40.2
Philippines 965 1995 82.1 cc 49.0 cc
Poland 2503 1995 66.5 a 51.1 a
Portugal 8822 1994 68.8 dd 49.5 dd
Puerto Rico 11469 1996 61.8 a c 34.2 a c
Qatar 13020 1986 93.0 27.5
Republic of Moldova 322 1989 74.9 61.6
Reunion 9903 1993 62.6 41.9
Romania 1274 1995 74.3 60.4
Russian Federation 1951 1995 69.6 51.5
Rwanda 65 ... ... ...
Saint Kitts and Nevis 4217 ... ... ...
Saint Lucia 3014 1991 78.9 48.5
St. Vincent/Grenadines 2248 1991 80.8 44.3
Samoa 700 1991 77.3 a 40.2 a
San Marino 17213 1995 75.8 54.6
Sao Tome and Principe 120 1991 76.8 36.8
Saudi Arabia 6977 1986 78.8 6.9
Senegal 493 1988 83.1 24.3
Seychelles 6798 1989 78.8 57.0
Sierra Leone 184 1988/89 80.0 76.0
Singapore 23556 1995 78.4 50.0
Slovakia 2331 1995 68.2 a 51.4 a
Slovenia 7206 1995 66.2 52.1
Solomon Islands 669 1986 87.0 85.0
Somalia 124 ... ... ...
South Africa 2835 1991 79.6 w 50.4 w
Spain 12201 1994 62.7 c ee 36.2 c ee
Sri Lanka 649 1995 74.8 35.8
Sudan 62 1983 85.2 ff 31.0 ff
Suriname 858 1994 64.9 gg 33.9 gg
Swaziland 1311 1986 64.3 27.7
Sweden 22499 1995 80.3 hh 76.1 hh
Switzerland 36096 1990 79.3 49.3
Syrian Arab Republic 2827 ... ... ...
Tajikistan 131 1989 75.0 60.0
Thailand 2454 1994 83.8 a 65.2 a
The FYR of Macedonia 1552 1991 68.5 45.7
Togo 419 1981 77.5 50.8
Tonga 1482 1990 75.6 36.1
Trinidad and Tobago 3709 1995 75.5 g 44.9 g
Tunisia 1541 1989 75.4 20.3
Turkey 2227 1995 76.5 31.9
Turkmenistan 2023 1989 78.0 62.0
Uganda 255 ... ... ...
Ukraine 339 1989 78.5 w 60.5 w
United Arab Emirates 20654 1985 92.5 24.2
United Kingdom 17471 1993 72.7 c 52.8 c
United Rep. Tanzania 119 ... ... ...
United States 25514 1995 75.0 a c 58.9 a c
US Virgin Islands ... 1990 72.3 59.5
Uruguay 4199 1995 74.0 e ii 46.7 e ii
Uzbekistan 187 1989 75.0 61.0
Vanuatu 1117 1989 88.6 79.3
Venezuela 2618 1995 82.0 a 41.4 a
Viet Nam 213 1989 81.6 74.1
Yemen 1049 1986 80.6 jj 1.9 jj
Yugoslavia 1171 ... ... ...
Zambia 367 ... ... ...
Zimbabwe 568 1992 77.7 46.7
Sources:
Gross domestic product per capita in US dollars from
Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat,
"Statistical Yearbook, forty-first issue", United Nations publication,
Sales No.
E/F.96.XVII.1), based on national accounts data
provided by national statistical services; economic activity
rates from: International Labour Office, Year Book of Labour
Statistics, table 1A (Geneva, various years up to 1996) and
Bulletin of Labour Statistics 1994-2 (Geneva, 1994), based on
data provided by national statistical services; and Statistics
Division of the United Nations Secretariat, "Women's Indicators
and Statistical Database, Version 3", CD-ROM(United Nations publication,
Sales No. E.95.XVII.6), based on national
census and survey reports, national statistical yearbooks, and data
provided by the Committee on Statistics of the Commonwealth of
Independent States.
... Not available
a Excluding armed forces.
b Excluding nationals working abroad and their families.
c Age 16+.
d Excluding conscripts who were inactive before starting their military
service.
e Age 14+.
f Excluding the rural population of Rondonia, Acre, Amazonas, Roraima,
Para and Amapa, which represents about 2.5 per cent of the total
population of the country. Excluding institutional households and
members of the armed forces in barracks.
g Excluding unemployed persons not previously employed.
h Excluding full-time members of the armed forces and indigenous populations
living on reserves.
i The data relate to Bogota, Barranquilla, Medellin, Cali, Bucaramanga,
Manizales and Pasto.
j Economically active relates only to employed persons.
k The data relate to the government-controlled areas. Data are provisional.
l Egyptian population only; excluding armed forces.
m Data are provisional.
n Excluding persons on compulsory military service.
o Including data relating to Israeli residents in certain territories
under occupation by Israeli military forces since June 1967. Excluding
armed forces.
p Excluding resident foreigners and the armed forces.
q Excluding armed forces and unemployed persons not previously employed.
r Citizens only.
s Excludes Pohnpei State.
t Urban areas. Excluding institutional households.
u Economically active excludes Buddhist monks and nuns.
v Age 15-64. De jure population.
w Age 20+.
x Civilian, usually resident population.
y Excluding institutional households, armed forces and persons doing
unpaid community or social work.
z Age 16-74 years.
aa Excluding Jammu and Kashmir (the final status of which has not yet been
determined), Gilgit and Baltistan, Junagradh and Manavadar. Excluding
armed forces. Data are provisional.
bb Excluding conscripts.
cc Including members of the armed forces living in private households.
dd Including the Azores and Madeira.
ee Data are provisional. Excluding Ceuta and Melilla; excluding persons
on compulsory military service.
ff Excluding nomads, homeless and institutional households.
gg The data relate to the districts of Wanica and Paramaribo. Data are
provisional.
hh Age 16-64.
ii Urban areas.
jj Data refer to the former Yemen Arab Republic only.
kk Pursuant to a Joint Declaration signed on 19 December 1984, the United
Kingdom restored Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China with
effect from 1 July 1997; the People's Republic of China resumed
the exercise of sovereignty over the territory with effect from
that date.
Technical notes:
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in US dollars is
calculated by the Statistics Division of the United Nations
Secretariat primarily from official national accounts statistics
in national currencies provided by national statistical services.
GDP is the total unduplicated output of economic goods and
services produced within a country as measured in monetary terms
according to the United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA).
The series shown here is based on the statistical concepts and
methods recommended in the 1968 "System of National Accounts"(United
Nations publication, Series F, No. 2, Rev. 3). GDP as defined in
the 1968 SNA includes subsistence production produced by
households for their own use, valued at current local prices for
comparable commodities.
For the conversion of national accounts data to US dollars,
current market exchange rates are used where no currency exchange
rate controls are in effect. Where multiple exchange rates are
used in countries, the official rate for business and investment
transactions or the market rate is usually used. In a few
countries where international transactions are limited, indicative
estimates of the exchange rate made by the United Nations
Secretariat for operational purposes are used for the conversion.
For international comparison, currency exchange rates applied to
national accounts aggregates provide an important but highly
approximate measure of national economic output and may differ
substantially from comparisons based on actual purchasing power.
Adult economic activity rate refers to the percentage
population aged 15 and over which is economically
active. Data are compiled by the International Labour Office from
population census and labour force sample survey data collected by
national statistical services and provided to ILO and the
Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat in
publications and questionnaires. These data are published in the
Year Book of Labour Statistics (Geneva, ILO) and the "Demographic
Yearbook" (United Nations publication).
The statistical concept of economically active population
used here is that recommended by the International Conference of
Labour Statisticians in 1982 and is designed to be consistent with
the concept of economic production in the System of National
Accounts. It defines as economically active all employed and
unemployed persons, including those seeking work for the first
time. It covers employers operating unincorporated enterprises,
persons working on their own account, employees, unpaid family
workers, members of producers cooperatives and members of the
armed forces. In the internationally recommended definition,
production of primary products such as foodstuffs for own
consumption and certain other non-monetary activites are
considered economic activity and persons engaged in such
production are to be considered economically active. In principle,
any such work for as little as one hour a week is taken to define
a person as economically active.
Specific elements of the standard concepts may differ
substantially from country to country, such as the choice of
time-reference period and the determination of minimum hours of
work and unpaid family work, including production for own
consumption. These differences may result in particular in the
undercounting of women who are economically active.
Copyright © 1997, United Nations. All rights reserved
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