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The World Economy at the Beginning of 1998

Table A.4. Developed economies: unemployment rates, 1988-1998a
(Percentage of total labour force)

  1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997b 1998c
                       
All developed economies 6.6  6.1  6.0  6.7  7.4  8.1  7.9  7.6  7.6  7.4  7 
                       
Major industrialized countries 6.1  5.7  5.6  6.3  6.8  7.2  7.1  6.8  6.8  6.7  6.5
                       
  Canada 7.7  7.5  8.1  10.2  11.3  11.2  10.4  9.5  9.7  9.3  9 
  France 9.8  9.3  9.0  9.5  10.4  11.7  12.3  11.7  12.4  12.5  12.75
  Germanyc 6.2  5.6  4.9  4.2  4.6  7.9  8.4  8.2  8.9  9.6  9.5
  Italy 10.9  10.9  10.3  9.8  10.5  10.3  11.4  11.9  12.0  12.2  11.75
  Japan 2.5  2.3  2.1  2.1  2.2  2.5  2.9  3.1  3.4  3.5  3.5
  United Kingdom 8.6  7.2  6.9  8.8  10.1  10.5  9.6  8.8  8.2  7.0  6.25
  United States 5.4  5.2  5.5  6.8  7.3  6.9  6.1  5.6  5.4  5.0  4.75
                       
Other industrialized countries 9.3  8.4  8.1  8.9  10.1  12.1  12.3  11.6  11.4  10.9  10.5
                       
  Australia 7.2  6.1  6.9  9.5  10.7  10.8  9.7  8.5  8.6  8.5  8.25
  Austriad 5.4  4.3  4.6  5.8  6.0  6.8  6.5  6.6  7.0  7.6  7.5
  Belgium 9.7  8.0  7.2  7.2  7.7  8.9  10.0  9.9  9.8  9.6  9.25
  Denmark 8.6  9.3  9.6  10.5  11.2  10.1  8.2  7.2  6.9  6.3  6 
  Finland 4.5  3.4  3.4  7.5  13.0  17.9  17.4  16.2  15.3  14.4  12.5
  Greeced 7.7  7.5  7.0  7.7  8.7  9.7  9.6  10.0  10.3  10.0  9.75
  Icelandd 0.6  1.6  1.8  1.4  3.1  4.4  4.8  5.0  4.4  4.6  4.25
  Ireland 16.3  14.7  13.4  14.7  15.5  15.6  14.3  12.3  11.6  10.4  10 
  Luxembourgd 1.6  1.4  1.3  1.4  1.6  2.1  2.7  2.5  2.3  2.2  2.25
  Maltad 4.0  3.7  3.8  3.6  4.0  4.5  4.0  3.6  3.7  4.4  4.5
  Netherlands 9.2  8.3  7.5  7.0  5.6  6.6  7.1  6.9  6.3  5.6  5 
  New Zealand 5.6  7.1  7.8  10.3  10.2  9.5  8.1  6.3  6.1  6.4  6.25
  Norway 3.2  4.9  5.2  5.5  5.9  6.0  5.4  4.9  4.9  4.0  3.25
  Portugal 5.7  5.0  4.6  4.1  4.1  5.7  7.0  7.3  7.3  7.0  7 
  Spain 19.1  16.9  15.9  16.0  18.1  22.8  24.1  22.9  22.1  20.6  20 
  Sweden 1.6  1.4  1.5  2.7  5.8  9.5  9.8  9.2  10.0  10.3  9.5
  Switzerlandd 0.6  0.5  0.5  1.1  2.5  4.5  4.7  4.2  4.7  5.5  5.25
                       
Memo items:                      
  Western Europe 9.1  8.3  7.7  8.0  8.9  10.7  11.0  10.6  10.8  10.6  10.25
  European Union (15)  9.4  8.5  7.9  8.2  9.1  10.9  11.2  10.9  11.0  10.8  10.5
  Other 1.6  2.2  2.3  2.7  3.7  5.0  4.9  4.5  4.8  5.0  4.5

Source: UN/DESA, based on data of OECD.

a For the seven countries shown and ten others, unemployment data are standardized by OECD for comparability among countries and over time, in conformity with the definitions of the International Labour Office (see OECD, Standardized Unemployment Rates: Sources and Methods (Paris, 1985)); national definitons and estimates are used for other countries.
b Preliminary estimates.
c Forecast, partly based on Project LINK.
d Prior to January 1993, data refer to Western Germany only.
e Not standardized. National definitions and estimates are used. Home | Search | Parliament | Research | Governments | Regions | Issues

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Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Comments and suggestions: esa@un.org
29 December 1997